* * frC ^ I' c t>) library CONTENTS Membe-n3--of the -P-ubl-io Health Committee ' Pstge. .. 1 Public Health Department Staff 2 Statistics and social circumstances of the“area 3 Extracts from vital statistics 4-5 Deaths in the various age groups 6 Qauses of death table 6 Notifiable Disease 7 General provisions of health services for the area 8-9 Public Health Inspectors's report 10-11 Progress in Slum Clearance during 1963 12 Water and typical analyses..'. 13-16 Details of Houses and Population with mains water 17 Sewerage 18 Pood premises and Meat inspection 19 Meat and other foods table 20 Atmospheric pollution 21 Milk and Dairies (General) Regulations, 1959 21 Refuse Collection, Rodent Control and Summary of inspections made during 1963. 22. Factories Act, 1961. 23-24 Re b ow Chamb e r s, Sir Isaac’s Walk, Colchester. 9th September, 1964. Tel: Colchester 72823 To the Chairman and Members of the hexden and Wins tree Rural District Counci1 Madam Chairman, Ladies and G-entlemen, I have pleasure in presenting my report for 1963. I have to thank the members of the Council and the Council’s staff for their assistance throughout the year. I have the honour to be, Your obedient Servant, E.A. HARGREAVES. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Wellcome Library https://archive.org/details/b29730545 LSXDEN AND WINSTREE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL 1963 - 1964 Chairman of the Council: Mrs* C.M. Cock, J.P. Vice-Chairman of the Council Mr. Co Pawsey Clerk to the Council De S. MITCHELL, M.A. (Oxon) PUBLIC HEALTH COMMITTEE Chairman: Mrs. C.M. Cock Vice-Chairman: Lt.Col. J.G, „ Round, D.L,,J.P. Mr. B.R. Barrow Mr. E.G. Pewter Mrs. FoM, Browning Mr. G.W. Ward. Lt, Col, R.H.A. Lucas Mr. C.F. Willis Mrs. G.WoR. Lucking Mr. T.O. Woodard Mrs. B. Marsh Mr. H.C. Percival PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT STAFF as at 31st December. 1963 Medical Officer of Health E.A, HARGREAVES, M.R.C.S., LoR.C.P., D.P.H. also Medical Officer of Health to the Wivenhoe U.D.C., West Mersea U.D.C. and Assistant County and School Medical Officer, Essex County Council. Chief Public Health Inspector. Engineer and Surveyor G. A. GRAVES, M.I.Mun.E., M.R.SiH. \ Additional Public Health Inspector and Surveyor H. S. CARTWRIGHT, M.A.P.H.I., Cert R. San. I R.G. MORLEY, MvA.P.H.I., Cert R.S.H. ■ Clerk O.S. DALTON Council Offices, Rebow Chambers, Sir Isaac’s Walk, Colches ter0 Tel : Colchester 72823 STATISTICS AND SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES OP THE AREA GENERAL STATISTICS Area of the District (acres) Number of parishes Estimated population Rateable Value 31*3.64 Sum represented by a penny rate 66,384 32 23,930 £639,542 1963/64 Number of houses in the District Number of houses owned by the Council SOCIAL CONDITIONS The district occupies an area partially surrounding the Borough of Colchester : its northern boundary is the River Stour, which separates it from Suffolk. South east of Colchester its eastern boundary is the River Colne and the Blackwater Estuary. While, the district is mainly rural, development is taking place rapidly in the ring of villages surrounding Colchester and these serve increasingly as dormitory areas for persons employed in the Town. The majority of the working population find employment outside the district mainly in Colchester and to an increasing extent in London. EXTRACTS PROM VITAL STATISTICS 1963 saw a continuation of the rapid rise in the birth rate. In the period 1962-63 this has risen'from 14.8 to 18.3. Thus while the resident population has increased during this period by 5.3%t the number of births to that population has risen by 29%. This indicates that by 1967-68 the number of children seeking entry to school will rise over one hundred a year plus the new entrants into the district during the intervening period. LIVE BIRTHS Births Male Female Total Legitimate 228 190 418 Illegitimate 9 11 20 Total No. of live births 237 201 438 Live birth rate per 1,000 estimated resident. population 18.3 Comparability factor for the district 1.18 Live birth rate per 1,000 population (corrected) 21.6 Live birth rate per 1,000 for England and '/ales 18.2 Illegitimate live births (as % of total live births) 4*6 STILL BIRTHS Births Male Female Total Legitimate 6 2 8 Illegitimate 0 0 0 Total No, of still births 6 2 8 17.9 17.3 Still birth rate per 1,000 total (live and still) births Still birth rate as above for England and Wales TOTAL NUMBER OP BIRTHS INFANT MORTALITY Deaths of infants -under 1 year of age. Deaths Male Female Total Legitimate 6 1 7 Illegitimate - - Total number of deaths 6 1 7 M F Deaths of infants under four weeks of age 5 1 Deaths of infants under one week of age 5 1 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births Legitimate infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate 'live births Illegitimate infant deaths per 1,000 illegitimate live births Infant mortality rate England and Tales (Legitimate Neonatal mortality rate per 1,000 (illegitimate live births (All (Legitimate Early neonatal mortality rate (1st (Illegitimate week) per 1,000 related births (All Perinatal mortality rate (still births plus deaths during 1st week) per 1,000 total live and still births Maternal deaths Maternal mortality rate M F Deaths 1^4 144 Death rate per 1,000 estimated resident population Comparability figure Corrected death rate England and Wales Total ~T- 6 15.9 16.7 0 20.9 14.3 0 13.7 20.9 0 13.7 31.4 1 2. 2 Total 308 12.9 .71 9,1 12. 2 Deaths in the various age groups. ■ Cumber of Deaths 0 - 1 year 7 1 - 5 years — 5-15 " — 15 - 25 " 3 25 - 35 " 2 35 - 45 4 45 - 55 16 55 - 65 42 65 - 75 " 65 75 and over 169 308 CAUSES OP DEATH M. P. Total, Syphilitic Disease 1 1 Whooping Cough 1 — 1 Malignant Neoplasm, Stomach 6 2 8 Malignant Neoplasm, Lung, Bronchus 5 — 5 Malignant Neoplasm, Breast — O 2 Malignant Neoplasm, Uterus — 4 4 Other Malignant and Lymphatic Neoplasms 24 16 40 Leukaemia, Aleukaemia — 1 1 Diabetes 1 2 3 Vascular Lesions of Nervous System 14 28 42 Coronary Disease, Angina 41 25 66 Hypertension with Heart Disease 3 2 5 Other Heart Diseases 19 23 42 Other Circulatory Diseases 7 4 11 Influenza 2 — 2 Pneumonia 8 9 17 Bronchitis 9 1 10 Other Diseases of Respiratory System 1 1 Ulcer oD Stomach and Duodenum 1 1 2 Gastritis, Enteritis and Diarrhoea — 2 2 Hyperplasia of Prostate 1 — 1 Pregnancy, Childbirth, Abortion — 1 1 Congenital Malformations 2 — 2 Other Defined and Ill-Defined Diseases 16 18 34 Motor Vehicle Accidents 1 — 1 All other accidents 1 1 2 Suicide 2 — 2 164 144 308 NOTIFIABLE DISEASE Table of Notifiable Disease 0-1 yr. 1-5 yrs 5-15 . yrs 15-25 yrs. 25-45 yrs. 45-65 yrs, lover 65 yrs. Total Pneumonia 2 1 8 15 26 Measles 10 135 190 5 3 1 344 Scarlet Fever 2 10 12 Infective Hepatitis 1 1 Erysipelas 1 2 2 5 I/hooping Cough 1 6 15 1 23 Dysentery 1 2 1 4 -- 415 Notifications of Tuberculosis Two cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis were notifed, females aged 49 and 62 years. One case of non—Pulmonary Tuberculosis was notified a female aged 52 years. GENERAL PRO'VIS ION OP EELALrl'Ii SERVICES FOR THE AREA LABORATORY FACILITIES There has been no change in the facilities described in the last report. The Laboratories available are situated at : The Essex County Hospital. The Public Health Laboratory, Woodbridge Road, Ipswich. The Counties Public Health Laboratory, Thresh House, Verulam Street, Gray’s Inn Road, LONDON, W.C.l. AMBULANCE Non-emergency ambulance calls are not accepted from the General Public. To obtain an ambulance in an emergency, it is merely necessary to lift the telephone receiver and ask an ambulance. If there is a dialling system in operation, dial 999, ’0’ a:- !01’ and ask for an ambulance. HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL. Ante-natal and post-natal clinics Midwives Nursing in the home . Health visiting Mental welfare Home helps Vaccination and Immunisation against, Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Poliomyelitis, Tuberculosis and Tetanus Provision of nursing equipment and apparatus School Health Service Ante-natal and post-natal clinics are held at the Health Service Clinic, Culver Street, Colchester, at 2.30 p.m. on Tuesdays, and Thursdays, Infant Welfare Clinics are held in the following villages TIPTREE - Triday at the Bianca Hall at 2. p.m. LAYER-DE-LA-HAYE - Second Thursday at the Women’s Institute at 2 p.m. ROWHEDGE - First and third Thursdays at the Pavilion, Rectory Road, at 2 p.m. ABBERT01T - Second Tuesday at the Village Hall at 2 p.m. STANWAY - Each Tuesday at St. Albright's Hall at 2 p.m. DEDHAM - Second and fourth Thursdays at the Hewitt Hall at 2 p.m. WEST BERGHOLT - First Wednesday at the Orpen Hall at 2 p.m. BOXTED - Last Wednesday at the Methodist Church Hall at 2 p.m. EIGHT ASH GREEN - Second and fourth Monday at the Village Hall at 2 p.m. MARKS TEY - Third Wednesday at the Labour Hall at 2 p.m. GREAT TEY - Third Tuesday at the Village Hall at 2 p.m. Assistance from the Home Help Service is obtained by communicating with the Area Organiser, Area Office, Trinity Street, Colchester. Telephone - Colchester 6251, Extn. 3. HEALTH SERVICES-PROVIDED BY THE REGIONAL HOSPITAL BOARD Tuberculosis The Chest Clinic is situated at St. Mary’s Hospital, Popes Lane, Colchester, and is open daily. V.D. Sessions held at the Essex County Hospital on Mondays, 5 p.m. to 7 P*m. for males and females. Friday 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. for males and females. NATIONAL ASSISTANCE ( AMENDMENT) ACT No action was necessary. PUBLIC HEALTH IIoPECTOlPS REPORT The Chairman and Members of the Lexden and Wins tree R.D.C. Madam Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, I beg to submit my report of work carried out during the year ending 31st December, 19&3. HOUSING During 1963 there pas a continued increase of dwellings built by private enterprise within the district mainly in the parishes of Tiptree and Stanway. A total of 307 houses were completed during the year. The influx of families into the district is likely to continue at this rate for the next few years and this will necessitate the continuous extension of services to meet their requirements. The building of Council owned dwellings during the year was very limited, 8 houses and 8 flats were completed. This has a direct influence on the rate of progress made with the Slum Clearance programme which is largely dependent on the rehousing of families occupying.these unfit houses into Council houses. Steady progress was however maintained in dealing with unfit houses and in particular with inspecting houses as and when they became vacant as this is undoubtedly the most advantageous time to require improvement and repair. A substantial number of houses were improved with the aid of Improvement Grants and applications for these grants continue at a satisfactory level. Statistical details are included in the report. Following the publication of the 1961 census figures the opportunity has been taken to amend the figures relating to the number of houses in the - district and their distribution in the various parishes. It v/as not found possible to carry out a resurvey of substandard houses during the year, the present records are largely based on a survey carried out in 1946/47 with amendments where re-inspections have been made, but there is now a growing need to find out the present condition of such premises and this can only be done by a'systematic re-survey. ' - HOUSING STATISTICS FOR 1965. 1. Number of permanent dwellings in the district at 31st December, 1963. 8754 2* Number of Council owned dwellings in the district at 31st December, 1963. 1496 3. Inspection of dwellings during year:- (i) Inspected for housing defects under Public Health Acts 510 (ii) Inspected for housing defects under Housing Acts ' 333 (iii) Number of dwellings found to be unfit for human habitation 43 (iv) Number of dwellings found to be in need of repair or lacking essential amenities 486 4. Unfit houses made fit and houses in which defects were remedied. " “ (i) After informal action by Local Authority 328 (ii) After formal notice under the Public Health Acts 3 (iii) After formal notice under the Housing Acts ]_]_ 5. Number of houses demolished during 1963 18 Number of houses closed during 1963 14 6. Number of houses erected by private enterprise 507 Number of Council houses completed - Houses 8 Plats 8 16 7. Applications approved for Discretionary Improvement Grants - 40 Applications approved for Standard Improvement Grants gg PROGRESS IN SLUM CLEARANCE DURING 1963 Total No. Cat 5 houses 1.1.63 Proper-; ties down graded to Cat 5 in 1963 Houses demolished in 1963 Houses made fit in 1963 To'tal Cat 5 houses 31.12. 63. Houses subject to demolition Orders or Closing Orders Houses subject to undertaking Listed Cat 5 houses still to be dealt with Listed Cat 5 houses still occupied Abborton 1 Nil Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil " 1 X Aldham 2 Nil Nil Nil 2 Nil 2 Nil Nil Borgholt, V/est 20 2 2 1 19 ‘3 8 8 5 Birch 11 Nil 1 2 8 2 3 3 3- Boxted 6 Nil Nil Nil 6 3 Nil 3 3 Chappel 4 1 Nil Nil 5 3 1 1 1 Colne, Wakes 5 Nil 1 Nil 4 Nil Nil 4 3 Copfprd 4 1 Nil Nil 5 2 Nil 3 1 Dedham 24 Nil 1 1 22 10 5 7 5 Donyland, East 13 3 2 2 12 6 3 3 3 Eight Ash Green 5 2 Nil Nil 7 3 2 2 2 Fingringhoe 11 Nil 3 1 7 Nil 1 6 5 Fordham Nil 1 Nil 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Horkesley, Gt. 11 Nil Nil Nil 11 6 2 3 3 Horkesley, Lt. 2 1 Nil Nil 3 2 Nil 1 1 Langenhoe 3 Nil Nil Nil 3 Nil Nil 3 Nil Langham 9 Nil Nil Nil 9 1 2 6 2 Layer Breton 6 Nil Nil 1 3 2 3 Nil Nil Layer-de-la- Haye 9 1 Nil Nil 10 3 2 3 5 Layer Marney Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Mersea, East 1 Nil Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil 1 1 Messing-cum- Inworth 8 Nil Nil 2 6 3 2 1 Nil • Mount Bures 2 Nil Nil Nil 2 2 Nil Nil Nil Peldon 10 Nil Nil 2 8 4 Nil 4 4 Salcot 2 Nil Nil Nil 2 Nil Nil 2 1 Stanway 5 Nil Nil Nil 5 1 2 2 2 Toy, Gt. Nil 1 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil 1 Nil Tey, Marks 11 Nil Nil Nil 11 4 3 4 3 Tiptree 16 Nil 8 2 6 Nil Nil 6 3 Virley Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Wigborough Gt. .and Lt. 6 Nil Nil Nil 6 4 1 1 2 Worningford 11 Nil Nil Nil 11 2 2 7 3 218 13 18 15 198 66 44 88 62 WATER. The Colchester and District Water Board are responsible for the suppiy and distribution of water throughout the ?xcept in the Parish of Dedham which is supulied by hun2red ^terWOr^ C0- Ltd” The -sampling of untreated wa-er from the various sources of supply is carried out by. the Water Board who have supplied copies of a typical of^h^tr^te^01^1031 in tMS Peport» Bacteriological'samples ot the treated mams water are submitted for examination by this Department. * VPqr)Th0m?Upplyvf- water has been satisfactory throughout the year. ihe quality of the water is satisfactory although the ^llG ^Bberton borehole contains•a high content of u ride. The water is not liable to have plumbo-solvent ac t< ion# All the found to bo samples of mains water sent for analysis were satisfactory. Mains and 36.3% water is available in all parishes in the District oi the population are supplied with mains water. during the. year the Council considered several application; for the extension of mams supply to houses where the existing tho W?rG ^satisfactory or insufficient and during ' mains supply was extended to serve four propertie; m School Lane, Great Horkosley. ABEERTON AND DISTRICT 'ATER SUPPLY, The normal supply is chlorinated and bacteriologically is very good; chemically it contains a high proportion of salt and 4*8 parts per million of fluoride. CHELICAL RESULTS IN PARTS PER MILLION. Appearance Clear and bright Colour Nil J2H 7.9 Electric Conductivity 2650 Chlorine present as Chloride 730 Hardness Total 100 Carbonate 100 Nitrate nitrogen 0.5 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0.63 Albuminoid Nitrogen 0.000 Metals Iron, Zinc, Copper and lead - absent Turbidity less than 3 Odour Nil Free Carbon Dioxide 8 Dissolved Solids dried at 180° C T07O Non-Carbonate 0 Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate 370 Nitrite Nitrogen less than 0.01 Oxygen Absorbed 0. 30 Residual Chlorine absent Fluoride 4*8 BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS 1 day at 37° C Number of colonies developing on Agar - per ml Present in Presumptive coliform reaction Bact. coli (Type l) Cl. welchii reaction - ml - ml - ml 2 days at 376 G - per ml Absent from - ml - ml - ml 3 days at 20-22°C - per ml Probable No. - per 100 ml - per 100 ml This sample is clear and bright in appearance faintly alkaline in reaction and free from metals. The water is fairly soft in character; its content of mineral and saline constituents is substantially normal for this source. Its organic quality is of a high standard. These results are consistent with a water which, from the aspect of the chemical analysis, is wholesome in character and suitable for drinking and domestic uses apart from its content of fluorine being higher than is considered desirable (from the aspect of causing mottled enamel), and also the likelihood of a saline taste being noticeable to many consumers. riPTHEE ABATER supply This is a chlorinated supply. The quality of the water is • satisfactory. It contains 2.2 parts per million of fluoride. CHEMICAL RESULTS III PARTS PER MILLION Appearance Paint opalescence with very few particles. Colour Nil £H 7.6 Electric Conductivity 960 Chlorine present as Chloride 148 Hardness Total 165 Carbonate 1 Nitrate Nitrogen 0. 3 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0.40 Albuminoid Nitrogen 0,000 Metals Iron - 0,12 Zinc, Copper, Lead - absent Turbidity less than 3 Odour Nil Free Carbon Dioxide 14 Dissolved Solids dried "at 180° C 640 i Non-Carbonate 0 Alkalinity as~ Calcium Carbonate 290 Nitrite Nitrogen less than 0.01 Oxygen Absorbed 0.10 Residual Chlorine absent Fluoride 2, 2 BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS Number of colonies developing on Agar Presumptive coliform reaction Bact. coli (Type T) Cl. welchii reaction I""day at 37° C - per ml Present in - ml - ml - ml 2 days at 37° C per ml Absent from - ml - ml - ml 3 days at 20-22° C - per ml Probable No. - per 100 ml - per 100 ml This sample is practically clear and bright in appearance, has a reaction on the alkaline side of neutrality and is free from metals apart from a minute trace of iron. The hardness of the water is moderate and its content of mineral and saline constituents is not considered excessive. It conforms to the highest standard of organic quality. These results indicate a water which, from the aspect of the chemical analysis, is pure and wholesome in character and suitable for public supply purposes. Its content of fluorine is however higher than the figure considered most desirable, from the aspect of causing mottled enamel. COLICS AND STOUR VALLEY. WATER SUPPLY This supply is chlorinated and softened. The quantity and quality of this supply is satisfactory. It contains 0.6 parts por million of fluorine. CHEMICAL RESULTS IN PARTS PER MILLION Appearance Paint opalescence with very few particle's. Colour Nil £H 7.4 . Electric Conductivity 875 Chlorine present as Chloride 128 Hardness Total 325 Carbonate Nitrate Nitrogen 1.4 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 0. 25 Albuminoid Nitrogen 0.000 ■■ Me tals Iron 0.14 Zinc, Copper, Lead - absent Turbidity less than 3 Odour Nil Free Carbon Dioxide 24. Dissolved Solids dried . . at 180C 580 310 Non-Carbonate 15 Alkalinity' as Calcium Carbonate 310 Nitrite Nitrogen*less than 0.01 Oxygen absorbed 0.10 Residual Chlorine absent Fluoride o7£T~ BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS Number of colonies developing on Agar Presumptive coliforrn reaction Bact. coli (Type l) Cl. welchii reaction 1 day at 37D C 2 days at 37^ C - per ml - por ml Present in Absent from - ml - ml - ml - ml - ml - ml 3 days at 20-22° C - per ml Probable No. - per 100 ml - per 100 ml This sample is practically clear and bright in appearance, has a reaction slightly on the alkaline side of neutrality and is free from metals apart from a minute trace of iron. The water is very hard in character but it contains no excessive'of mineral Or saline constituents in solution. It conforms to the highest standard of organic quality. These results indicate a water which, from the aspect of the chemical analysis, is pure and wholesome in character. For public supply purposes, softening is considered advantageous. DETAILS OF HOUSES AND CIVILIAN POPULATION 3UPVLIED WITH MAINS WATER. 1- Est Civi |No. of !houses 1 1 i 1 ! Direct to house From I Standpipes lian Popn No, of houses Est. Popn % Popn No. of houses Est. Popn % Popn Abberton 197 359 72 69 189 96 2 6 3.0 Aldham ! 121 114 338 94 4 12 3.0 Bergholt, West 1,431 565 484 1,225 85.6 45 114 8.0 Birch, 653 233 217 608 93 l4 39 6 Boxted 1,176 4l8 370 1,040 88.5 n ( 16 20 1,7 Chappel 394 144 123 337 85.6 44 11.2 Colne, Wakes 436 149 107 314 72 25 73 16.7 Copford 833 306 292 794 94.6 7 19 2.3 Dedham 1,817 641 563 1,599 88 4o 114 6.3 Donyland, East 1,422 • 873 568 557 1,394 98 10 25 1,75 Eight Ash Greei 307 268 764 87.5 30 85 9.7 Fingringhoe 65 4 230 216 615 94.2 10 28 4,3 Fordharn 383 134 106 303 79.2 11 31 8.1 Horkesley, Gt. 1,130 381 334 988 87.5 21 62 5.5 Horkesley, Lt. 274 75 65 238 87 2 7 2.5 Langenhoe 221 70 68 214 97.3 2 6 2.7 Langham 832 289 243 700 85 1 3 0.36 Layer Breton Layer-de-la- 221 83 74 197 89 8 22 9.7 Haye 959 325 302 891 93 23 68 7 Layer Marney 209 68 67 206 98.7 1 3 1,3 Mersea, East Messing-Cum- 277 96 80 231 83.5 3 9 3.2 Inworth 324 107 103 318 98.2 2 6 1.8 Mount Bures 164 64 58 147 69.8 Peldon 410 139 129 380 92.7 9 27 6,6 Salcot 176 65 52 l4o 79.6 12 34 19.3 Stanway 2,713 1,052 1,016 156 2,610 95-8 29 75 2.4 Tey, Gt. 502 173 452 90 14 4l 8.2 Tey, Marks 1,026 351 302 880 86 36 105 10.5 Tiptree 3,267 1,325 1,288 3,175 97 16 40 1,0 Virley Wigborough 43 14 13 4o 93 1 3 7 ! Gt. and Lt. 21? 80 69 187 86.3 8 22 10.1 Wormingford 337 109 90 277 82,8 11 33 9.8 23,930 8,754 ?,997 21,791 91.4 420 J 1,176 4.9 SEWERAGE The villages of Tiptree, Stanway, West Bergholt, Rowhedge, Copford, Marks Tey, Eight Ash Green, Aldham, Fordham and Great Tey are provided with sewers. Sewage disposal works are',provided at Tiptree, Dedham, West Bergholt, Fordham, Copford and Great Tey. The sewage from the greater part of Stanway and Rowhedge is .discharged into the Colchester Corporation Sewerage System. I In general much of the subsoil in this area is dense clay which makes subsoil drainage impracticable. This gives rise to considerable nuisance from pollution in ditches and streams from overflowing cesspools and sink waste water. In addition new development is proceeding apace. Substantial progress was made during the year in the provision of sewers. Work was completed on the Great Tey, Aldham Church area, Fordham., Coggeshall Road.Marks Tey and the final stage of the Eight Ash Green schemes. Work commenced on the provision of sewers at Chappel, Wakes Colne and Wakes. Colne Green, and GreatHorkesley, Schemes were prepared for the provision of sewers at Layer-de-la-Haye, Abberton, Peldon and Fingringhoe, and work is in hand on the preparation of schemes for the parishes of Birch, Layer Breton, Boxted, Langham, the Dedham Heath and Lamb Corner area of Dedham, Galcott, Virley and Wormingford. A scheme for the extension of the Tiptree disposal works was prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government for approval. The response from property owners in connecting their properties to the sower continues to be quite good and a number of long standing drainage nuisances have been abated by provision of drainage to the sewer. Ah increasing volume of work arises in the department in advising on and approving and testing, alterations to existing drainage systems and this has to bo given priority over other work. FOOD PREMISES The majority of food premises are owner occupied and the owner is directly responsible for the running of the business. The standards of construction and hygiene are satisfactory in* m°°t cases. During the year inspection has been concentrated ?n ^ar,^er 1 00(3- premises and catering premises. Conditions in three of the transport cafes still necessitate frequent inspection to ensure that suij-icient attention is being given to j hygiene.and cleanliness. ;. MEAT INSPECTION * There are two licensed slaughterhouses in the district one at Dedham and the other at Boxted which serve the requirements of the respective owners. Both comply with the slaughterhouse construction regulations. The number oi animals slaughtered in the district has nearly doubled during the year and this number is likely to be maintained in the future. All- animals slaughtered in the district have been inspected by^a qualified Meat Inspector for the past twenty y^ais.. The Meat Inspection Regulations 1963* which came into operation on 1st October, 196.3, require that all meat at slaughterhouses must be inspected before it is removed from the^slaughterhouse. These regulations also prescribe the method oi inspection to be carried out and require that all meat inspected and passed as fit for human consumption must be marked. .n 4. These requirements have been fully carried out despite aa^ ^a^ a number of animals are regularly slaughtered on baturday afternoon and evening each week. the . -Any unsound meat is stained and diseased meat is either buried or removed from the premises under supervision for disposal at the local fat extraction plant. MEAT AND OTHER FOODS Carcases and offal inspected and number condemned in whole or in part during 1963* CARCASES AND OFFAL INSPECTED AND CONDEMNED IN WHOLE OR IN PART DURING 1963. i i Cattle excluding Cows Cows — Calves Sheep and Lambs Pigs Horses Number killed 333 - -6- 315 -d" OO -3“ - Number inspected 335 - 6 315 484 - All diseases except Tuberculc >sis and cystercerci Whole carcases condemned Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned - — - - - - 77 11 61 Percentage of the number inspected affected with disease other than tuberculosis and cystercerci 23 % 3.5 12.6 Tuberculosis only Whole carcases condemned - - — — - - Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned — 8 Percentage of the number inspected affected with tuberculosis —. mm 1.63 Cysticercosis Carcases of which some part or organ was condemned Carcases submitted to treatment by refrigeration mm . Generalised and totally condemned ~ — — — — -! In addition the following foodstuffs were inspected in shops throughout the district following notification by the respective shopkeepers and found to be unfit for human consumption:- 6 lb beasts liver, 44 lbs lamb, 3 tins peeled shrimps, 30 lbs New Zealand ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION. At the request of the Essex County Council a smoke/sulphur dioxide measuring instrument was installed at Little Horkesley reservoir at the end of the year. This forms a part of the National Survey of Air Pollution in Great Britain organised by the Air Pollution Division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The instrument draws in a measured quantity of air from which information regarding the smoke and sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere is deduced. This information will be forwarded monthly to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. MILK AND DAIRIES (GENERAL) REGULATIONS. 1959. During the yearnotif ica tion was received from the County Medical Officer that on routine sampling of farm bottled milk at premises within the district the milk was found to contain organisms of brucella abortus. Further samples were taken by this department from individual cows in order to find out which animals were affected. It was found that approximately one third of the herd was affected and as a result the milk from these cows was separated and sent for pasteurisation - 134 samples were sent for examination. 21- REFUSE COLLECTION As from 9th September, 1963, all. parishes in the district received a weekly refuse collection. Refuse is collected from the kerbside in all but one parish. Five vehicles and thirteen men are employed on this service. RODENT CONTROL The Council employs one full time .rodent operator. Treatment of dwellinghou.ses is carried out on request or when found to be infested following routine inspection. Business premises are also treated on request but a charge- is made for labour and materials used. The Council also undertakes treatment of agricultural premises on a yearly contract basis. SUMMARY OF INSPECTIONS MADS DURING 1965 Premises inspected under Public Health Acts 510 Reinspections under Public Health Acts 463 Premises inspected under Housing Acts 333 Reinspections under Housing Acts 467 Slaughterhouse inspections 147 Shops and food premises inspections 263 Dairies inspected 4 Bakehouse inspections 7 Factories and workshops I55 Appointments and interviews with property owners 351 Water samples taken for analysis 39 Rat infestation (premises inspected) 648 Moveable dwellings 156 Refuse collection 64 Petroleum installations inspected 28 FACTORIES ACT, 1961 Inspections hove been made at the various factories anc1 defects observed have been remedied. The following table gives details of work done. Inspections for Purposes of Provisions as to Health • (including inspections made by Public Health Inspectors) Premises p* o • o Number of Regis- ter Inspections Written notices Occupiers prosecuted (i) Factories in which sections 1,2,3,4 & 6 are to be emorced by the Local Authority 17 31 1 Nil (ii) Factories not included in (i) in which section 7 is enforced by the Local Authority 94 124 1 Nil (iii) Other premises in which section 7 is enforced by the Local Authority (excluding outworkers' premises) 37 143 Nil Nil Total 148 300 2 Nil Cases in which defects were found Particulars No, of cases in which defects were found No. of cases in which prosecutions were instituted f Found j Reme- ; died i ! Ref c to H.M, Inspec. jrred by H.M. Inspep. r/ant of Cleanliness 2 2 Nil Nil Nil Dvercrowding Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil | Jnreasonable temperature Nil • - Nil Nil Nil Nil [nadequatc Cases in which defects were found (contd) Particulars No. of cas defects es in which were found No, of cases in which prosecutions were instituted Found Remedied Ref To H.H. Inspec. erred By “H'.M, Inspec. Ineffective drainage of floors Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Sanitary Conveniences a) Insufficient Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil b) Unsuitable or defective 2 1 Nil 2 Mil c) not separate for sexes r » Nil. . Nil Nil Nil . . Nil Other offences against the Act (not including offences relating to outwork)’ Nil * Nil .Nil ’Nil Nil Total ‘ 2 • 1 Nil 2 Nil OUTWORK Nature of work Section 133 Section 134 No, of outworkers in Aug, list No, of cases of default in sending lists to the Council No, of prosecu- tions for failure to supply lists No, of instances of work in some somepremises Notices served Prosecutions Wearing apparel Making etc. 22 Nil ’ Nil nli Nil Nil Furniture and upholstery 1 - - - - - . l