'i w / / LIBRARY LEXDEN AND WINSTREE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL ANNUAL REPORT Medical Officer of Health, 1951 * COLCHESTER : ESSEX TELEGRAPH PRE88 LTD., 38 HEAD STREET Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Wellcome Library https://archive.org/details/b29730429 Rural District Council PUBLIC HEALTH COMMITTEE Mrs. F. M. BROWNING Mr. A. W. GARRETT Mrs. D. COCK Mr. G. HICKSON Rev. H. J. COKER Mr. F. G. PARKER Lt.-Col. F. L. CUBITT Mr. H. C. PERCIVAL Mrs. B. E. DICK-CUNYNGHAM Mrs. F. E. POLLEY Mr. A. E. FAIRHEAD Mr. R. C. WAGSTAFF Medical Officer of Health W. H. ALDERTON, M.C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H. Sanitary Inspector .. Senior Assistant Inspector Assistant Inspector .. Additional Inspector .. Junior Assistant Two Whole-time Clerks A. HURD, F.R.San.I. K. H. WHARTON, A.R.San.I. H. L. AMES, A.M.I.S.E., M.R.San.I. F. G. LAMBERT, A.R.San.I. C. G. SMITH O. S. DALTON and Miss J. TUCKER CONTENTS Statistics and Social Circumstances of the area Extracts from Vital Statistics Deaths in Various Age Groups Causes of Death Table General Provision of Health Services for the Area Health Services provided by the Essex County Council Health Services provided the Regional Hospital Board Sanitary Circumstances of the Area Sanitary Inspector’s Report Housing Statistics Table of Notifiable Diseases Inspections of Factories Page 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 . 9-18 . 14-15 . 16-17 18 19 Rebow Chambers, Sir Isaac’s Walk, Colchester. 9th July, 1952. To the Chairman and Members of the Lexden and Winstree Rural District Council Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, I have the honour to present my Annual Report on the Health and Vital Statistics of the District for the year 1951. As is usual the report is compiled in accordance with instructions received from the Ministry of Health. This year I have included a little more information than usual, and I hope this will be found convenient for reference. The Registrar-General now includes two comparability figures— one is for the birth rate and one for the death rate. This enables these rates to be compared with those of any other district. In the case of this District, owing to the excess of persons in the higher age groups, both figures are improved. Both the birth rate and death rate are worse than last year, and indeed, the number of deaths exceeds the births by fifteen. On the credit side the number of infant deaths, viz., two, is the lowest since records were kept. I wish to take this opportunity of thanking members of the Public Health Committee for their support and to place on record my appreciation of the co-operation and loyalty of my staff. I have the honour to be, Your obedient Servant, W. H. ALDERTON. Rural District Council STATISTICS AND SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA Area (acres) 66,152 Registrar-General’s Estimate of Resident Population (Mid 1951) . 22,740 Number of Inhabited houses (end of 1951) according to Rate Books 7,119 Rateable Value £143,290 Sum Represented by a Penny Rate £592 Social Conditions The population is mainly occupied in agriculture, although in the built-up areas there are factories and engineering works employing a small proportion of the population. The census figures when published in detail will give much interesting information on this subject. EXTRACTS FROM VITAL STATISTICS OF THE YEAR Live Births Legitimate Illegitimate St.ll Births | Legitimate ( Illegitimate Deaths Total M. F. 271 145 126 Birth Rate per 26 17 9 1,000 of resident population=18. Corrected Birth Rate=14-4. 9 4 5 Rate per 1,000 — — — total births'=29-4. 312 160 152 Death Rate per 1,000 of estimated resident popula- tion=18-7. Corrected Death Rate 10-4. Deaths from Puerperal Causes : Deaths Rate per 1,000 total Births Puerperal Sepsis .. .. — Other Puerperal Causes .. —■ —• Death Rate of Infants under 1 year of ago (2 deaths) All Infants per 1,000 live births Legitimate Infants per 1,000 legitimate live births Illegitimate Infants per 1,000 illegitimate live births . Deaths from Cancer (all ages) ,, Measles (all ages) „ Whooping Cough (all ages) 6-5 6-7 42 Deaths in Various Age Age 0— 1 year 1— 2 years 2— 5 years 5—15 years 15—25 years 25—35 years 35—45 years 45—55 years 55—65 years 65—75 years 75 and upwards . Groups (local statistics) : No. of Deaths 1 3 1 4 8 4 17 88 86 151 808 The following table shows the approximate state of immunisation against diphtheria at December 31st, 1951 : Population 0-4 inclusive Number immunised Percentage 1845 .. .. 934 .. .. 50-6 Population 5-14 inclusive 8009 .. .. 2917 .. .. 96 National Assistance Acts, 1948-51 One person was removed to hospital under the above Acts. This was an old lady living in insanitary conditions, with no relations near. She was quite happy after admission, but she died some three months later. Causes of Death Tuberculosis of Respiratory System .. Cancer Syphilitic Disease Diabetes Leukaemia Vascular Disease of the Nervous System Heart Disease Other circulatory Disease Influenza Pneumonia Bronchitis.. Other Diseases of Respiratory System Congenital Malformation Motor Vehicle Accident Other Accidents Suicide Other Causes M. 1 20 1 1 1 18 63 5 11 13 1 1 8 1 4 12 F. 2 22 2 1 23 62 1 7 10 6 1 3 4 1 156 152 GENERAL PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE AREA Public Health Officers of the Local Authority The Medical Officer of Health : W. H. Alderton, M.C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.P.H. He is also Medical Officer of Health to neighbouring Urban Districts and Assistant Medical Officer to the County Council. The Sanitary Inspector and Surveyor : A. Hurd, F.R.San.I. He is also a qualified Food Inspector. He devotes his whole time to the Council. The Senior Assistant Inspector : Iv. H. Wharton, A.R.San.l. He devotes his whole time to the service of the Council. He is also a qualified Food Inspector. The Assistant Inspector : H. L. Ames, A.M.I.S.E., M.R.San.I. He is employed whole time by the Council and is also a qualified Food Inspector. The Additional Inspector : F. G. Lambert, A.R.San.l. Junior Assistant : C. G. Smith. Two whole-time Clerks are employed : 0. S. Dalton and Miss J. Tucker. Laboratory Facilities Pathological specimens for the district are sent to the laboratory at the Essex County Hospital, Colchester. Samples of water are sent to the Public Health Laboratory, Woodbridge Road, Ipswich, in the case of bacteriological analysis and to the Counties Laboratory, 66 Victoria Street, London, S.W.l, in the case of chemical analysis. Other samples of ice cream, food, etc., are examined at the Public Health Laboratory, Ipswich. Ambulance Non-emergency ambulance calls are not accepted from the general public. To obtain an ambulance in an emergency it is merely necessary to lift the telephone receiver and ask for an ambulance. If there is a dialling system in operation dial “ 909,” “ 0 ” or “ 01 ” and ask for an ambulance. HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Clinics. Midwives. Nursing in the Home. Health Visiting. Mental Welfare. Home Helps. Vaccination and Diphtheria Immunisation. Provision of Nursing Equipment and Apparatus. School Health Service. Ante-natal and post-natal clinics are held at the Health Services Clinic, Culver Street, Colchester, at 2.80 p.m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Infant Welfare Clinics are held in the following villages : Tiptree : First and third Fridays at The Bianca Hall, at 2 p.m. Layer : Second Thursday at The Women’s Institute, at 2 p.m. Rowhedge : First and third Thursdays at the White Lion Assembly Room, at 2 p.m. Abberton : Fourth Thursday at the Lion Hall, at 2 p.m. Salcott : First Wednesday at The Old School, at 2 p.m. Messing : First and third Tuesdays at the Village Hall, at 2 p.m. Dedham : Second and fourth Thursdays at the Hewitt Hall, at 2 p.m. Great Horkesley : First Wednesday at the Men’s Social Club, at 2 p.m. Boxted : Last Wednesday at the Social Club, at 2 p.m. Fordham : Second Friday at the Village Hall, at 2 p.m. Marks Tey : Third Wednesday at the Labour Hall, at 2 p.m. Great Tey : Third Tuesday at the Village Hall, at 2 p.m. HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE REGIONAL HOSPITAL BOARD Tuberculosis The Chest Clinic is situated at 8 Shewell Road, Colchester, and is open daily. V.D. Sessions held at the Essex County Hospital on Mondays, 5 p.m. to 7 p.m., for males and females. Fridays, 2.30 p.m. to 8.80 p.m,, for females and children, 3.30 p.m. to 4.80 p.m., for males. SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA WATER Abberton and District Water Supply This supply has been sufficient in quantity and satisfactory in quality. It is a chlorinated supply. The number of samples taken for examination was : Chemical, 4. Bacteriological, 12 (which included one sample of raw water from the borehole). One sample, although satisfactory, showed slight deviation from normal ; this was accounted for in the sampling. An extension to this supply has been made passing through the Urban District of West Mersea to the Parish of East Mersea, a distance of six miles. 71 houses in the parish of East Mersea have been connected. Agreement has been reached with West Mersea Urban District, whereby houses on the mainland situated in the Urban District are supplied, also houses north of the road leading from the Strood to East Mersea and houses south of this road and within 300 feet of the centre of it. 22 houses in this Urban District have been connected to the mains. In addition an agreement of mutual aid as far as water supplies are concerned has been reached by the two authorities. Abborton Public Supply Chemical Results in Parts per Million Appearance—Bright with very few mineral particles. Turbidity—Less than 3. Colour—Nil. Odour—Nil. pH—8‘1. Free Carbon Dioxide—4. Electric Conductivity—2700. Total solids—1700. Chlorine present as Chloride—720. Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate—-340. Hardness Total—105. Carbonate—105. Non-Carbonate—-0. Nitrate Nitrogen—0'0. Nitrite Nitrogen—Less than 0-01. Ammoniacal Nitrogen—0-91. Oxygen absorbed—0T5. Albuminoid Nitrogen—0-000. Residual Chlorine—Absent. Metals : Iron—0-04. Other metals—absent. Bacteriological Report Plate Count Yeastrel agar 2 days 87° C. aerobically—0 per ml. Plate Count Yeastrel agar 8 days at room temperature—1. Probable number of coliform bacilli, MacConkey 2 days 87° C-—* 0 per 100 ml. Probable number of faecal coli—0 per 100 ml. Bacteriological findings highly satisfactory. Colne and Stour Valloy Supply The water from this supply has been satisfactory in quantity and quality. It is a hard water, which is softened before passed into supply. It is also chlorinated. The number of samples taken for examination was : Chemical, 4. Bacteriological, 12 (this included one sample of the raw water from the borehole). All samples were satisfactory without reservation. Four extensions were completed on this supply, namely : At Perry Lane, Langham .. .. .. 40 yards The Housing Site, Stanway .. .. 50 yards Armoury Farm, West Bergholt .. .. 350 yards Housing Site, West Bergholt .. .. 110 yards A typical analysis of this water is given below : Cheynical Results in Parts per Million Appearance—Very faint opalescence with a very slight deposit of iron oxide. Turbidity—3. Colour—Filtered—Nil. Odour—Nil. pH—7‘4. Free Carbon Dioxide—17. Electric Conductivity—930 Total Solids—620. Chlorine present as Chloride—140. Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate—295. Hardness—Total 190. Carbonate—190. Non-carbonate—-0. Nitrate Nitrogen—0-0. Nitrite Nitrogen—Less than 0-01. Ammoniacal Nitrogen—0'000. Oxygen Absorbed—0'10. Albuminoid Nitrogen—0-000. Residual Chlorine—Absent. Metals : Iron—0-42. Other metals—Absent. Bacteriological Report Plate Count Yeastrel agar 2 days 37° C. aerobically—4 per ml. Plate Count Yeastrel agar 3 days at room temperature—9. Probable number of coliform bacilli, MacConkey 2 days 37° C.—• 0 per 100 ml. Probable number of faecal coli—0 per 100 ml. Bacteriological findings very satisfactory. East Donyland Supply This supply has been satisfactory in quality and quantity, it is a chlorinated supply. The number of samples taken for analysis was : Chemical, 4. Bacteriological, 11 (including one of the rawr water from the borehole). Two samples, though satisfactory, showed a little deviation from the normal, each being attributed to the sampling. There were no extensions made to this supply. A typical analysis is given below : Chemical Results in Parts per Million Appearance—Bright with very few mineral particles. Turbidity—Less than 8. Colour—Less than 10. Odour—Nil. pH —7*9. Free Carbon Dioxide—6. Electric Conductivity—2100. Total Solids—1320. Chlorine present as Chloride—500. Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate—880. Hardness—Total 150. Carbonate—150. Non-carbonate—0. Nitrate Nitrogen—00. Nitrite Nitrogen—Less than 0’01. Ammoniacal Nitrogen—0-82. Oxygen Absorbed—0-35. Albuminoid Nitrogen—0000. Residual Chlorine—-Absent. Metals : Iron—0-07. Other metals—Absent. Bacteriological Report Plate Count Yeastrel agar 2 days 37° C. aerobically—0 per ml. Plate Count Yeastrel agar 3 days at room temperature—5. Probable number of coliform bacilli, MacConkey 2 days 87° C.— 0 per 100 ml. Probable number of faecal cob—0 per 100 ml. Bacteriological findings highly satisfactory. Tiptree Supply This supply has proved satisfactory in quality during the year. It is a chlorinated supply. The number of samples taken for examination was : Chemical, 4. Bacteriological, 13 (including one taken from the borehole before treatment). All samples were reported satisfactory without reserve. This undertaking is, however, giving cause for concern. After an overhaul of the pumps it was found that when worked to their full capacity the water was lowered beyond their reach. Provisionally the speed of the motor of one pump has been reduced, with a consequent reduction in output and efficiency. The Council’s Engineers were at the same time consulted. As a result the Council decided to augment the water supply in the Tiptree area, and that a test pumping should be made of the present borehole. An extension of 110 yards was completed in Stores Lane, also one of 40 yards at the Birch Housing Site. A typical analysis of this supply is given below : Chemical Results in Parts per Million Appearance—-Very faint opalescence with very few mineral particles. Turbidity—-Less than 3. Colour—Filtered, Nil. Odour—Nil. pH—7’5. Free Carbon Dioxide—12. Electric Conductivity—980. Total Solids—620. Chlorine present as Chloride—128. Alkalinity as Calcium Carbonate—265. Hardness—Total 165. Carbonate—165. Non-carbonate—-0. Nitrate Nitrogen—0'0. Nitrite Nitrogen—-Less than 0-01. Ammoniacal Nitrogen—0-40. Oxygen Absorbed—-0-10. Albuminoid Nitrogen—0-000. Residual Chlorine—Absent. Metals : Iron—0T8. Other metals—Absent. Bacteriological Results Plate Count Yeastrel agar 2 days 87 °C. aerobically—3 per ml. Plate Count Yeastrel agar 3 days at room temperature—-11. Probable number of coliform bacilli MacConkey 2 days 37° C.—- 0 per 100 ml. Probable number of faecal coli—0 per 100 ml. Bacteriological findings satisfactory. The following table shows the number of dwellinghouses and the population supplied from public mains or standpipes for each parish in Lexden and Winstree : Abberton No. of Dwellinghouses 70 Population supplied from mains 210 Aldham 82 287 Bergholt, West 294 1028 Birch 176 615 Boxted 248 867 Chappel 128 447 Colne, Wakes 122 427 Copford 222 776 Dedham (by Tendring Hundred) 389 1186 Donyland, East 408 1428 Eight Ash Green 172 602 Fingringhoe 155 542 Fordham 147 513 Horkesley, Great 248 868 Horkesley, Little 42 146 Langham 138 483 Layer Breton 66 230 Langenhoe 63 220 Layer-de-la-Haye 200 699 Layer Marney 64 224 Mersea, East 71 248 Messing-cum-Inworth 176 625 Mount Bures 49 171 Peldon 106 371 Salcot 81 283 Stanway 455 1592 Tey, Great 120 419 Tey, Marks 278 997 Tiptree 712 2492 Virley 15 52 Wigborough, Great 50 175 Wigborough, Little 9 31 Wormingford 200 699 18 SANITARY INSPECTOR’S REPORT 1 at March, 1952 THE CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS OF THE LEXDEN AND WINSTREE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, I beg to submit my report of work carried out during the year ending 31st December, 1951. I also attach report showing the progress made in dealing with the houses classified as Unfit under the Rural Housing Survey. INSPECTIONS Premises Inspected—Public Health Acts Housing Act, 1936 526 103 - 629 Work in progress and property under notice (visits thereto) : Public Health Acts 943 Housing Act, 1936 3881 4824 Slaughterhouses Inspected 33 Butchers’ Shops and Food Stores Inspected 84 Ice Cream Stores Inspected. . 18 Dairies 45 Bakehouses 26 Factories and Workshops . . 59 Appointments and Interviews with Property Owners 731 Number of Complaints received 216 Water Samples taken for Analysis 82 Samples of Milk taken for Bacteriological Examination 7 Rat Infestations (premises visited) 411 Samples of Ice Cream taken for Bacteriological Examination 69 RESULTS OF ABOVE INSPECTIONS AND ACTION TAKEN Informal Notices served Statutory Notices served— 740 Public Health Act, 1936 5 Housing Act, 1936 0 Statutory Notices complied with— Public Health Act, 1936 . 5 Housing Act, 1936 0 - 6 Houses disinfected .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 8 Number of Representations made with view to making Demolition Orders . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . 18 Number of Demolition Orders made under Section 11, Housing Act, 1936 2 Number of Houses Demolished by Owners following Demolition Orders 7 Number of Houses Demolished by Owners following Clearance Orders 6 Number of Houses Demolished by Owners Voluntarily . . . . 0 Number of Closing Orders made under Section 12, Housing Act, 1936 0 Demolition Orders determined and Closing Orders made under Section 3(2)(c), Housing Act, 1949 . 3 Number of Houses in respect of which Owners have undertaken not to use for human habitation—Section 11, Housing Act, 1936 .. 14 Number of Houses in respect of which undertakings not to use for human habitation have been cancelled . . . . . . . . 6 Number of Houses erected (permanent) Private Enterprise .. .. 18 Number of Houses erected (temporary) Private Enterprise .. .. 0 Number of Houses rebuilt following destruction by enemy action .. 0 RURAL HOUSING SURVEY Parish No. of Cat. 5 Houses on Completion of Survey Properties down graded to Cat. 5 Houses Demolished Houses subject to Demolition Orders Houses subject to undertakings under Sec. 11, Housing Act, 1936 Houses made Fit Cat. 6 Properties remaining at 31.12.51 Abberton 4 1 3 Aldham.. — — — — — — — Bergholt, West 9 1 4 — — — 6 Birch 35 2 4 6 6 4 17 Boxted .. 13 — 3 4 — 5 1 Chappel.. 4 — — — — — 4 Colne, Wakes .. 19 — 5 — 5 1 8 Copford 7 — — — — — 7 Dedham 23 3 2 4 4 3 13 Donyland, East 55 — 42 3 — — 10 Easthorpe 3 — — — — 2 1 Eight Ash Green Fingringhoe 17 Inclu ded wit 4 k Copfo 1 rd and F 1 ordham 4 7 Fordham 10 2 1 2 1 3 6 Horkesley, Gt. 14 — 1 — — 2 11 Horkesley, Lt. 1 — — — — — 1 Langenhoe 6 — — — — — 6 Langham 17 — 3 — — 4 10 Layer Breton .. 7 — 3 — — — 4 Layer-de-la-Haye 16 2 4 — 2 2 10 Layer Marney . . 6 — 2 — — — 4 Mersea, East 8 — 2 — — — 6 Messing-cum- Inworth 17 3 1 13 Mount Bures . . 8 — 3 _ — 1 4 Peldon . . 14 — 4 — — 3 7 Salcot . . 9 — — 3 — 1 5 Stan way 24 1 — 1 — 4 20 Tey, Great 4 — — — — — 4 Tey, Marks 15 — 1 4 — — 10 Tiptree . . 36 — — — 2 3 31 Virley .. — — — — — — — Wigborough, Gt. — — — — — — — Wigborough, Lt. — — — — — — — Wormingford .. 12 5 3 4 Totals 413 11 93 31 25 43 232 I beg to remain, Your obedient Servant, ALBERT HURD, Chief Sanitary Inspector. HOUSING The year has shown a slight improvement in the housing situation. The number of houses built in the year (95) shows an increase of 38, compared with the previous year. 77 of this number were built by the Council. As there are still 460 families on the waiting list for Council houses, five years will elapse at the present rate of progress before the last family on the present list is dealt with. The policy of considering families occupying huts on airfields equally with other applicants has reduced the number occupying such huts in the Council’s jurisdiction to 199. It is a great pity that certain huts which were too badly positioned to be taken over were allowed by the Air Ministry to be occupied. Living conditions in some of these huts were bad, especially in regard to lighting and ventilation. Greatest concern, however, was for the children who had to live in these gloomy places. On the debit side were 18 houses it was necessary to represent under the Housing Act, 1936, as being unfit for human habitation. It is found, however, that there is always someone who is prepared to spend an unreasonable sum of money to render such houses fit. Sewage Disposal East Stanway Sewerage Scheme made considerable progress during the year. As the work progressed approval was obtained for two sections of the sewer previously deleted to be included. These were the sewerage of Lucy Lane and Halstead Road. Tiptree extended area scheme was started during the year and made good progress. Dedham sewage works received further consideration as a result of continued unsatisfactory analyses of the effluent. The engineers’ estimate of £3,900 for improvements to the disposal works was approved. These additional works would be so designed that they would not become obsolete if extensions to the drainage system were embarked upon at a future date. Other sewage works are in operation at Peldon Agricultural Camp and at Wakes Colne, Birch and Wormingford Airfields. East Donyland is sewered in the built up part of the parish, but the sewage is pumped into the Colchester Corporation Sewer and treated at their disposal works. A new departure has been embarked upon in connection with the Council Housing Sites. Where twelve or more houses are erected on a site, a small sewage treatment plant is installed capable of dealing with all the drainage from the site. Housing sites which have so far benefited are Birch, Peldon, Fingringhoe, Boxted and West Bergholt. Meat and Other Foods The inspection of carcases is undertaken at the Colchester abattoir, where animals destined for this district are slaughtered. Inspection of food shops and bakeries, etc., has been carried out regularly. Notices have been issued to occupiers of food shops for display, recommending the public not to take their dogs into such places. Samples of ice cream have been taken for examination at frequent intervals, the results proving satisfactory. The following foods were condemned and surrendered during the year : 148J lb. Pork Mutton Beef Cheese A.D. Vermicelli Various foods 4f lb. 18 lb. 16 4 oz. cartons 14 1 lb. packets 56 tins and 34 bottles No outbreaks of food poisoning occurred during the year. NOTIFIABLE DISEASE As will be seen from the table overleaf, the most prevalent diseases were measles and whooping cough. In spite of the large number of cases there wrere no deaths from either disease. Measles lasted from January to the end of August, after which odd cases occurred. In March, April and May, cases were most numerous with 72, 78 and 97 notifications respectively. Table of Notifiable Disease 0-1 yr. 1-5 yrs. 5-16 yrs. 15-25 yrs. 25-45 yrs. 45-65 yrs. Over 65 yrs. Total Cases admitted to Hospital Scarlet Fever _ 7 21 i _ _ _ 29 4 Measles 6 147 278 7 5 — — 442 9 Pneumonia 1 5 6 — 4 ii 6 33 4 Whooping Cough .. 9 65 40 _ i 115 4 Dysentery.. — 3 4 1 — i — 9 — Puerperal Pyrexia _ _ _ __ 3 _ ____ 3 _ Erysipelas.. — — — — — — 2 2 2 Infective Hepatitis — — 1 — 1 2 1 5 — 15 227 350 9 13 15 9 638 23 Table Showing Incidence of Tuberculosis in 1951 Age Period Pulmonary N on-Pulmonary 0—1 M. F. M. F. 1—5 1 — 2 1 6—15 — — 1 1 15—26 — 1 . . - — 25—35 1 1 . . - — 35—45 — 1 . . - . — 45—55 3 1 *1 .. . . - — 55—65 3 *1 — . . - — over 65 — 1 *1 .. . . - — 8 5 3 2 In the above tables, deaths in the various age groups are marked by * MOSQUITO NUISANCE Visits were paid to likely breeding grounds during the year. Larvae were found at East Mersea, where the owner of the land co-operated in their destruction. FACTORIES ACT, 1937 Inspections have been made at the various factories, and the defects observed have been dealt with. The following table gives details of the work done : inspections for Purposes of Provisions as to Health (including inspections made by Sanitary Inspectors) Premises Number on Register Number of Inspections Written Notices (i) Factories in which Sections, 1 2, 3, 4 and 6 are to be enforced by Local Authorities 50 26 4 (ii) Factories not included in (i) in which Section 7 is enforced by the Local Authority 83 59 1 133 85 5 Cases in which Defects were Found Particulars Found Remedied Want of cleanliness . . Ineffective drainage of floors Sanitary Conveniences unsuitable or defective Other offences against the Act (not including offences relating to outwork) 2 1 I 3 2 1 3 7 6 Outwork Nature of Work No. of Outworkers on August List Wearing apparel, making, etc. . . 27 Lampshades 2 29